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As vestibular therapists, we often focus on assessing the function of the semicircular canals in the inner ear. However, the otolithic organs—the utricle and saccule—play a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation and are not routinely assessed. Two electrophysiological tests, Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (oVEMPs), provide valuable insights into otolithic function. I often forget the difference between the two VEMPs tests, so hopefully writing this blog will make it stick. If not, at least I have a quick resource to refer back to!

If you are like me, these tests may not be readily available in ...

At North 49, the three common questions we get asked about infrared goggles are:

1. Can we get a discount rate on goggles through North 49?
2. Do I really need goggles?
3. Which goggles do you recommend?

Can we get a discount rate on goggles through North 49?

The answer to the first question is, unfortunately no. That being said, we would really appreciate that if you end up buying a pair of goggles from Vestibular First that you use: https://vestibularfirst.com/?referredby=507 as it allows us to collect points that we redeem to purchase anatomical models that we give out as draws at our weekend courses. From time to time we also have give-away draws for our monthly newsletter subscribers. 

Do you ever struggle distinguishing between different types of nystagmus, such as end point nystagmus (EPN) and gaze evoked nystagmus (GEN)? If so, you're not alone. Working closely with therapists in vestibular therapy over the years we've found this to be a common issue. Given such, let's review three practical tips when assessing patients that we have found helpful.

Actually, before we get too far, we need to remember that end point nystagmus is a normal physiological response, while a true positive gaze evoked nystagmus finding is indicative of a central or peripheral vestibular disorder.

As we will see in this blog, end point nystagmus is a bit of a misnomer as it can be seen prior to...

As a physiotherapist, the decision to use a particular treatment often rests on a delicate balance between using something as there is strong research behind it or not. This holds true with the use of blue light blocking glasses to treat concussion and vestibular migraine. Some optometrists we have talked to indicated that they do not endorse the use of these glasses due to a lack of research. Then, on the other hand we hear from people who say these glasses were "game changers" for managing their symptoms. Is there something behind these glasses, are they a placebo, or a bit of both?

Let's explore the rationale for considering the use of blue light blocking glasses.

Blue Light Blocking Gl...

Have you ever wondered why Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland" seems like such a trippy and surreal journey? Well, there's a fascinating theory that connects this whimsical tale to a peculiar phenomenon known as "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome" or AIWS. This syndrome is closely associated with migraines and can offer a curious glimpse into the world of distorted perceptions. It has been said that Lewis Carroll himself had migraines, so this may be a tale expressing what he was experiencing personally.

What is Alice In Wonderland Syndrome or AIWS?

Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is a rare and intriguing neurological condition, often linked to migraines. But, it can also be triggered by ...

Have you ever wondered about the relationship between drugs and oculomotor testing? From time to time I was curious, but never looked into it until I received an email a few months ago from Ocular Data Systems asking if I could work with them on a project to provide online lessons regarding vestibular physiology and how to analyze nystagmus findings for law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and toxicologists.

It seemed like a unique opportunity, a Canadian physical therapist helping educate law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and toxicologist from the USA. What I did not realize until then is that there is a group of very highly trained non-medical professionals who perform oculomotor t...

Have you ever observed sustained (lasting > 60 sec) geotropic nystagmus with positional testing for BPPV and were not quite sure what those atypical findings were about? If so, you are not alone. According to the literature this finding is not as result of BPPV, but rather due to a light cupula which was first proposed by Hiruma in 2004.

My journey with experiencing a light cupula

Clinically, I actually do not remember ever seeing someone present with sustained geotropic nystagmus. If I did, the patient likely got better, not as a result of my treatment, but rather due to the natural history, which we will cover later in this post.

This past summer though, I released an online course call...

Did you know that dizziness, headaches, and pain in the sinus region can be due to a binocular vision dysfunction (BVD)? There are several tests we can use to assess for this, but let's review one of the simplest being the 5 Minute Cover Test. Before we do this though, let's do a quick review of what a BVD is.

What is a binocular vision dysfunction (BVD)?

Binocular vision dysfunction is a condition where the eyes are not looking in the same direction. When looking straight ahead, to the side, up, down, as well as near and far the eyes should be aligned and move together as a pair. Causes of BVD are usually due to poor functioning of a nerve or nerves that control eye movement, or of the mu...